Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication of surgery. HIV-positive patients are more prone to surgical site infections due to their own factors and other infection-related factors. This is another risk factor that threatens the health of HIV-positive patients. Studies have shown that the incidence of surgical site infections in orthopedic diseases in HIV-positive patients is significantly higher than in patients with normal orthopedic diseases. However, the current research on the infection of orthopedic surgery sites in HIV-positive patients has not made significant progress. The analysis and prevention of risk factors for orthopedic surgery site infection need to be resolved. Therefore, this article reviews the research on the surgical site infection of orthopedic diseases in HIV patients at home and abroad from the aspects of spine, trauma and joints. It is hoped that it can provide some help for the research direction of surgical site infection of orthopedic diseases in HIV-positive patients.