[Objective] To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a novel inflatable spine support (ISS) for treatment of thoracolumbar com- pression fractures (TLCF). [Methods] A total of 50 patients who received non-operative treatment for TLCF in our hospital were enrolled in- to this study from January 2018 to December 2019. Based on doctor-patient communication, 26 patients received ISS therapy, while the re- maining 24 patients underwent the conventional pad therapy. Clinical and imaging data were compared between the two groups. [Results] The ISS group resumed ambulation significantly earlier than the conventional group [(60.8±4.1)days vs (63.9±3.3)days, P=0.012]. The VAS and ODI scores decreased significantly over time in both groups (P＜0.05). The ISS group was marked significantly lower VAS score [(3.5± 0.7) vs (4.1±0.8), P=0.008] and ODI scores [(29.5±2.6) vs (32.1±2.2), P＜0.001] than the conventional group. Radiographically, lumbar lordo- sis and anterior vertebral height ratio increased significantly (P＜0.05), while the local kyphotic angle decreased significantly over time in both groups (P＜0.05). The ISS group proved significantly superior to the conventional group in terms of lumbar lordosis [(47.3±1.0)° vs (45.3±0.9)°, P＜0.001], local kyphotic angle [(10.5±0.7)° vs (12.0±0.4)°, P＜0.001] and anterior vertebral height ratio [(93.1±1.9)% vs (88.1± 2.4)%, P＜0.001] 3 weeks after treatment. [Conclusion] The new inflatable spine support does maintain fracture reduction more effectively, improve the comfort of treatment and improve the therapeutic outcomes over the conventional pad therapy.