[Objective] To introduce the surgical technique and preliminary clinical results of the one-stage posterior osteotomy for the correction of congenital kyphosis due to anterior segmentation failure. [Methods] From 2006 to 2017, 13 children with pure Winter-II con- genital kyphosis underwent one-stage posterior Schwab osteotomies combined with internal fixation. The osteotomy mode was determined ac- cording to the age, kyphotic site and lesion range of the children. Smith-Petersen Osteotomy (SPO) in 1 case, Ponte osteotomy combined with VCRs in 1 case, pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in 5 cases, bone-disc-bone osteotomy (BDBO) in 4 cases, vertebral column resection (VCR) in 1 case, and VCRs in 1 case were performed correspondingly. Braces were worn after surgery to maintain the correction effect. [Re- sults] All the 13 children had corresponding surgical operations performed smoothly without serious complications. The patients who had neurological symptoms were improved after operation. At the latest follow-up lasted for (66.4±33.5) months the Cobb angle of the main curve significantly decreased (P＜0.05), and the thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL) significantly improved (P＜0.05), whereas the T1-pel- vic angle (TPA) remained unchanged compared with those preoperatively (P＞0.05). [Conclusion] One-stage posterior osteotomy is an effec- tive surgical method for Winter type II congenital kyphosis with a benefit of controlling progression of the deformity.