[Objective]: To compare the clinical efficacy of hemilamiectomy and lumbar interbody fusion (HL-LIF) with that of biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (BE-LIF) for the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. [Methods]: The clinical data of 78 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2022 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of doctor-patient communication, BE-LIF was used in 35 cases and HL_LIF in 41 cases, and the perioperative period, follow-up, and imaging data of the two groups were compared. [RESULTS]: Compared with the open group, the endoscopic group had a longer operative time [(204.5±57.8)min vs (162.0±50.0)min, P<0.001], but a smaller incision [(7.1±1.0)cm vs (11.5±2.2)cm, P<0.001], smaller intraoperative blood loss [(240.0±121.2)mL vs (344.9± 140.9) mL, P=0.001], and early time to get off the floor [(3.2±0.5) d vs (4.4±0.5) d, P<0.001]. The differences in blood transfusion rate, incision healing grade, and hospitalization days between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The mean length of follow-up was 15.8 ± 2.3 months. Over time, the VAS scores and ODI scores of both groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the open group, the VAS scores and ODI scores for low back pain were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the JOA scores were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the endoscopic group up to 5 months after surgery. Postoperative intervertebral space height and lumbar lordosis angle were significantly increased in both groups compared with the preoperative period (P < 0.05). The differences in intervertebral space height, lumbar anterior convexity angle, and Bridwell grade of interbody fusion between the two groups at each time point were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). [Conclusion]: Good clinical efficacy was achieved in both surgical procedures.BE-LIF is less traumatic than HL-LIF, with less pain in early postoperative lumbar pain and faster functional recovery.