Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain (LBP). The process of IVDD is accompanied by abnormal metabolism of extracellular matrix, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines, and ingrowth of nerve fibers and blood vessels. At the same time, it has been shown that the innervation of IVDD tissue mainly includes sensory nerves and sympathetic nerves, and the ectopic ingrowth of the nerve into the inner annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) is the main cause of LBP. Here we give an overview of the progress of nerve ingrowth in IVDD, discuss the regulation of nerve fibers and the role of neurotransmitters. The research on nerve ingrowth may help to identify new therapeutic directions.