[Objective] To introduce the surgical technique and preliminary clinical results of posterior atlantoaxial anti-rotation screw-rod fixation and fusion for atlantoaxial dislocation. [Methods] From June 2018 to June 2022, 16 patients with reducible atlantoaxial dislocation were treated with posterior atlantoaxial fixation and fusion. After general anesthesia, posterior midline cervical incision was performed. Pedicle or partial pedicle screw fixation was performed for C1, and pedicle or lamina screw fixation was performed for C2, and then pre-bending anti-rotation connecting rod was directly inserted to form atlantoaxial anti-rotation screw-rod system internal fixation to achieve reduction. Finally, autogenous iliac bone graft fusion was performed. The atlantoaxial reduction, bony fusion, and neurological function were evaluated during follow-up. [Results] All the 16 patients were successfully operated without neurovascular injury and other complications. After surgery, the symptoms of the patients were significantly improved, and imaging showed that atlantoaxial reduction was satisfactory. ADI was reduced from (5.7±1.3) mm to (1.7±0.7) mm. JOA score was increased from (13.7±1.1) to (16.3±0.9). The patients were followed up for 3-24 months, and atlantoaxial bone fusion was achieved in all patients. [Conclusion] The posterior atlantoaxial anti-rotation screw-rod fixation and fusion in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation has satisfactory initial clinical efficacy and more convenient operation, but it still needs to be further compared with the conventional atlantoaxial screw-rod system to verify its advantages.