[Objective] To explore the predictive factors of neural function recovery in cervical open-door laminoplasty (LAMP) for the cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C-OPLL). [Methods] A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of C-OPLL patients who underwent LAMP surgery from January 2013 to January 2021. 316 patients who received long-term follow-up were included in the study. Calculate the patient's age, gender, duration of disease, Body Mass Index (BMI), history of chronic diseases such as hypertension, and formal rehabilitation training. Imaging measurements include preoperative C2-7 Cobb angle, K-line, posterior compression score of spinal cord (PCS score), number of vertebral bodies involved in ossification, ossification occupancy rate, and ossification thickness. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system was used to evaluate the neurological function of patients before and 2 years after surgery, and the postoperative JOA recovery rate was calculated. According to the postoperative JOA recovery rate, patients were divided into the well recovered group (≥50%) and the poorly recovered group (＜50%). Single factor comparison and binary multi factor Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of neurological recovery. [Results] The average follow-up time of patients was (53.65 ± 23.27) months. Single factor comparison showed that the disease course of the well recovered group was shorter than that of the poorly recovered group, the incidence of spinal cord hyperintensities in the well recovered group was lower than that of the poorly recovered group, and the preoperative PCS score of the well recovered group was higher than that of the poorly recovered group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gender composition, BMI, hypertension history ratio, diabetes history ratio, smoking history ratio, stroke ratio, preoperative C2-7 Cobb angle, C2-7 SVA, T1 slope, K-line, number of vertebral bodies involved in ossification, ossification occupancy rate, ossification thickness, and postoperative rehabilitation training ratio (P>0.05). In term of multiple stepwise regression analysis, the longer disease course and lower preoperative PCS score were the main factors related to poor postoperative neurological recovery. [Conclusion] The long disease course is the main risk factor for poor postoperative neurological recovery, while high preoperative PCS score is a protective factor for well postoperative neurological recovery.