[Objective] To explore the effect of Ginseng Sinitang (GS) on vascular endothelial cells in rabbits with fracture. [Methods] A total of 72 elderly rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups. Of them, the animals in the blank group, model group and heparin group were given normal saline intragastrically, and those in the 3 GS groups were given the drug in low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose respec- tively for 3 days. Subsequently, femoral fracture was established in 5 groups of rabbits except the blank group. Low molecular weight heparin was given subcutaneously for 7 days in the low, medium and high-dose groups as well as the heparin groups. Serum levels of cortisol (COR) , tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected. The pathological changes of femoral vein were observed by HE staining, while the ultrastructure change was seen by transmission electron microscope. The expres- sions of factors related to NF-κB pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. [Results] The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was significantly decreased in medium-dose and high-dose groups compared with model group (P＜0.05) . The levels of COR, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased in medium-dose and high-dose groups at 1, 3 and 7 days postoperatively with significantly change of ET1 and NO 7 days postoperatively (P＜0.05) . HE staining showed that endothelial cells in the model group were shed in different degrees with throm- bus and leukocyte infiltration in the lumen, while GS did relive the above changes. Under electron microscope, the mitochondrial swelling of endothelial cells was reduced and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was slightly expanded in the medium-dose group. The mRNA and pro- tein expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB P65 in low, medium and high dose groups were significantly decreased compared with those in model group and heparin group (P＜0.05) . [Conclusion] GS does reduce postoperative stress reaction, improve the morphology and function of vascular endothelial cells, and inhibit the expression of NF-κB pathway related factors in elderly rabbits.