[Objective] To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy ((PTE) and Unilateral biportal endoscopy(UBE) in the treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (DLSS) [Methods] The clinical data of 72 patients with single-level DLSS who received surgical treatment from January 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of doctor-patient communication, 37 patients underwent PTE and 35 patients underwent UBE. The perioperative, follow-up and imaging data of the two groups were compared. [Results] UBE group operating time [(81.2±10.3 min) vs (63.2±11.0) min, P<0.05), the total length of incision [(2.5±0.3) cm vs (1.0±0.2) cm, P<0.05], intraoperative blood loss [(89.5±11.3)ml vs (39.2±10.9) ml, P< 0.05), intraoperative fluoroscopy times [(2.9±0.4)times vs (3.1±0.5)times, P< 0.05], walk time [(2.2±0.4)d vs (1.4±0.5)d, P< 0.05) and the length of time [(11.2±2.1)d vs (9.2±1.4)d, P< 0.05) were significantly greater than the PTE group. Patients in both groups were followed up for more than 12 months, and the complete weight-bearing activity time in PTE group was significantly earlier than that in UBE group [(62.2±9.5)d vs (71.1±10.2)d, P<0.05]. As time went on, the VAS score of low back pain, VAS score of leg pain and ODI score of both groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). At 1 day after surgery, the lower back pain VAS score [(3.7±1.0) vs (4.3±1.1), P<0.05] and leg pain VAS score [(2.9±0.5) vs (3.2±0.4), P<0.05] in PTE group were significantly better than those in UBE group. However, there were no significant differences in the VAS score of low back pain, VAS score of leg pain and ODI score between 2 groups at 3 months after surgery and the last follow-up (P>0.05). In terms of imaging, the spinal canal area in both groups was significantly increased after surgery (P<0.05), and significantly decreased over time (P<0.05), and the spinal canal area in PTE group was smaller than that in UBE group. After 10d [(135.4±32.1)cm2 vs (221.4±30.5)cm2, P<0.05], at the last follow-up [(126.3±25.4)cm2 vs (163.7±28.6)cm2, P<0.05]. There were no significant changes in intervertebral space height and lumbar lordosis Angle between the two groups before and after surgery (P>0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences at corresponding time points (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Both PTE and UBE can achieve good clinical efficacy in the treatment of DLSS. Compared with UBE, PTE has less surgical trauma, faster recovery, and less early postoperative low back pain and leg pain, but UBE has better decompression effect.