Tendon injury is a common clinical disease. Due to poor healing ability of tendon, it often achieves clinical healing with scar tissue, which leads to the failure of tendon functional recovery after injury and affects the patients’ motor function and quality of life. Although the existing treatment methods have achieved certain results, they still cannot fully restore the original structure and function of the injured tendon. In recent years, although exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received extensive attention as an emerging method in the fields of tissue repair and regeneration, there are few and specific studies on the treatment of tendon injuries with MSCs derived exosomes and the mechanism is not unclear. This article reviews the research progress of different MSCs derived exosomes on the repair of tendon injury and related tissue engineering technology, so as to provide theoretical support for the clinical application of tendon injury.