Abstract: osteoporosis (OP) is a kind of bone metabolic disease prone to middle-aged and elderly people, characterized by the reduction of bone mineral density and the destruction of bone microstructure. Accompanied by a large number of bone loss, it is easy to lead to fragility fractures in various parts of the body, causing heavy family and social burden. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the basic theory of OP and develop new drugs. With the deepening of research on the molecular mechanism of OP, relevant regulatory factors have been discovered one after another. p53 protein is an important intracellular regulatory factor, regulating the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy and other life processes of various cells in the body. Evidence is growing that p53 plays an important role in regulating the function and metabolism of bone and may become a new target for the treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as OP.