Abstract: [Objective] To explore the effects of paeonol on bone metabolism and nuclear factors in osteoporotic fracture rats κ B（NF- κ B) /matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) signaling pathway. [Method] 52 SD female rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group, a model group, and a control group (alpha calciferol, 0.05) μ G/kg) and paeonol group (200mg/kg), with 13 mice per group. A rat model of osteoporotic fracture was constructed by bilateral ovariectomy and transverse sawing of the femur (excluding the sham operation group). After successful preparation, corresponding drug interventions were given to each group of rats (both the sham operation group and the model group received the same volume of physiological saline by gavage), once a day, and continuously administered for 12 weeks. Compare the bone mineral density (BMD), bone morphology, serum, and femoral bone marrow tissue related indicators of rats in each group. [Result] After 12 weeks of administration, compared with the sham surgery group, the model group had significantly lower femoral BMD, number of trabeculae, thickness, and resolution (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the control group and the paeonol group had significantly higher femoral BMD, number, thickness, and resolution of bone trabeculae (P<0.05). Compared with the sham operation group, the serum levels of type I procollagen carboxyl terminal peptide (PINP), osteocalcin (BGP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the model group were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group (P<0.05), as well as anti-tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP) and inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α （TNF- α）、 The average levels of interleukin (IL) -6 and IL-8 in water were significantly higher (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, the serum bone metabolism indicators (except for TRAP) of the control group and the paeonol group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the average serum inflammatory water was significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared to the sham surgery group, the model group showed NF in the femoral bone marrow tissue- κ B p65, MMP mRNA expression and p-NF- κ The levels of B p65 and MMP9 proteins were significantly higher (P<0.05); Compared to the model group, the control group and the paeonol group showed NF in the femoral bone marrow tissue- κ B p65, MMP mRNA expression and p-NF- κ The levels of B p65 and MMP9 proteins were significantly lower (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Paeonol can significantly improve bone density, bone metabolism indicators, and downregulate NF in osteoporotic fracture rats- κ B/MMP9 signaling pathway.