Abstract: [Objective] To describe the surgical technique and preliminary clinical results of arthroscopic fibular groove deepening and tendinous sheath tightening suture in the treatment of chronic peroneal tendons subluxation. [Methods] Two patients with chronic peroneal tendons subluxation were treated by arthroscopic fibular groove deepening and tendinous sheath tightening suture surgery. The posterior-internal, posterior-external and posterior-inferior approaches to the ankle were taken to clear the hyperplastic synovial tissue, expose the peroneal tendon sheath and fibular groove, clear the distal extension of the low-lying peroneus brevis under arthroscopic view, polish and deepen the fibular groove, and tighten and suture the peroneal tendon sheath and superior peroneal retinaculum. [Results] The procedure was successful and on review 6 months after surgery, 2 patients returned to sport with AOFAS scores of 92-94, pain VAS scores of 0 and no recurrence of tendon subluxation. [Conclusion] Arthroscopic fibular groove deepening and tendon sheath tightening suture is safe, minimally invasive and has a low complication rate for the treatment of chronic peroneal tendons subluxation with good efficacy.