Osteoporosis is a common orthopedic disease, with a higher incidence in the elderly population. After osteoporosis, due to the decrease of bone strength and increase of bone fragility, daily activities can lead to vertebral compression fracture, that is, osteoporotic vertebral compressibility fracture (OVCF). Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is an effective method for clinical doctors to treat OVCF. However, clinical studies have found that PVP surgery is prone to recurrent vertebral fractures, increasing patient pain and burden. The development process has attracted the attention of orthopedic doctors, and more and more scholars have conducted relevant research on the causes and mechanisms of its occurrence. This article reviews the epidemiological, temporal, spatial, and related risk factors of recurrent fractures in OVCF patients after PVP surgery both domestically and internationally in recent years, provide certain reference value for clinical work and reduce the probability of recurrent fractures after PVP surgery.