Cartilage has limited ability to regenerate due to its lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymph. Traditional clinical treatment methods cannot achieve satisfactory curative effect, but tissue engineering technology provides a new direction for the repair of cartilage damage. Currently, great progress has been made in cartilage regeneration, but the repair of osteochondral interface and full-thickness articular cartilage defects remains challenging. Supramolecular hydrogel is a kind of self-assembled network structures formed by non-covalent interactions of hydrogels, which has the advantages of adjustable mechanical strength, shear thinning, strong self-healing ability, good biocompatibility and injectability. It can effectively promote cartilage regeneration due to its advantages. In this paper, the characteristics, synthesis mechanism, cartilage regeneration and insufficient application of supramolecular hydrogels were reviewed.