Objective :To sutdy the efficacy of the new type of lumbar fixation brace on simple thoracic and lumbar fractures. Methods:A total of 50 patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures were randomly divided into the brace treatment group(27 patients) and the simple treatment group(23 patients). The changes of the visual analog score (VAS),the height ratio of anterior margin of the injured vertebral body ,spinal Cobb angle ( Cobb angle) and oswestry disability index(ODI) of the two group were observed before treatment, one week and three month after treatment.Results: Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the VAS score (7.5 ± 0.9), the height ratio of anterior margin of the injured vertebral body (66.7 ± 7.5), spinal Cobb angle (18.9 °± 5.2 °) and the ODI score (38.1 ± 1.9) of the brace treatment group and the VAS score (7.4 ± 1.0), the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body (67.73 ± 8.12), spinal Cobb angle (18.6°± 4.3°) and the ODI score (38.7 ± 1.3) of the lumber pillow treatment group (P>0.05).After one week of treatment,the VAS score (3.5±0.5), ODI score (29.5±1.1), the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body (78.0±7.2), Cobb Angle (12.8°±1.7°) of the brace treatment group and the VAS score (4.1±0.9), ODI score (32.2±1.8), the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body (75.4±6), Cobb Angle (13.8°±1.7°) of the lumber pillow treatment group were better than before treatment, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).Compared with the lumber pillow treatment group, the improvement of the brace treatment group was more obvious, with a significant difference (P<0.05).After three mouths of treatment,the VAS score (1.9±0.7), ODI score (13.5±1.2), the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body (93.1±4.3), Cobb Angle (10.2°±0.7°) of the brace treatment group and the VAS score (2.0±0.8), ODI score (13.8±1.1), the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body (88.3±3.8), Cobb Angle (12.1°±0.9°) of the lumber pillow treatment group were better than those in the 1st week after treatment, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).The scores of VAS、ODI between the two groups were no significant difference (p＞0.05),but the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body and Cobb Angle between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: The new lumbar fixation brace can effectively improve the height of injured vertebrae and kyphotic Cobb Angle in patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures, relieve pain, improve the quality of life of patients, and has good social benefits, which is worthy of promotion.