Abstract: [Objective] To analyze unilateral and bilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion in the treatment of patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. [Methods] A retrospective analysis of the patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease admitted to our hospital. The unilateral group underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion (48 cases), and the bilateral group underwent bilateral pedicle screw internal fixation. Fixation combined with interbody fusion (42 cases). Observation indicators include perioperative conditions, follow-up indicators and imaging evaluation. [Results] At the last follow-up, the waist VAS score, leg VAS score, ODI score, JOA score, ventral height of the intervertebral space, dorsal height of the intervertebral space, height of the surgical side of the intervertebral space, and the height of the contralateral side of the intervertebral space were higher than those before the operation. Both were significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the waist VAS score, leg VAS score, ODI score, JOA score, ventral height of intervertebral space, dorsal height of intervertebral space, intervertebral space surgery There was no significant difference between the lateral height and the contralateral height of the intervertebral space surgery (P>0.05); there was no significant difference in the bone fusion between the two groups (P>0.05); the operation time and operation time of the patients in the unilateral group Indices such as medium blood loss, postoperative drainage, hospitalization days, and hospitalization expenses were better than those in the bilateral group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05); the postoperative complication rate of patients in the unilateral group was compared with that in the bilateral group. [Conclusion] Unilateral pedicle screw rod internal fixation combined with intervertebral fusion can reconstruct the patient's spinal stability and restore the patient's spinal function. At the same time, it can reduce surgical damage and reduce surgical costs. Therefore, unilateral pedicle screw fixation can achieve satisfactory clinical effects for patients with lumbar degenerative diseases.