Sciatic nerve injury is one of the rare complications after total hip arthroplasty， the causes of sciatic nerve palsy after total hip arthroplasty include direct intraoperative nerve injury, leg lengthening, cement-related thermal damage and postoperative hematoma.Despite awareness of these common etiologies, 50% of neurologic injuries are not associated with an identifiable cause. A number of risk factors have been reported, however, no one is consistently reported to be significant. Exploration and neurolysis actively is beneficial to nerve functions, and conservative treatment is suitable in cases without an organic cause. The prognosis of sciatic never injury is often uncertain, there is no consensus on which factors can determine the evolution of this injury. This paper reports a case of sciatic nerve injury caused by total hip arthroplasty and reviews the etiology, risk factors, treatment and prognosis of this case.