Periprosthetic infection is a catastrophic complication after arthroplasty.Once it happens, it will bring great psychological pressure and economic burden to patients. , so timely and correct diagnosis is crucial. At present, the commonly used diagnostic methods are formulated according to clinical manifestations, imaging manifestations, serum and synovial biomarkers, etc. With the discovery and experiment of more and more serum and synovial biomarkers, the examination of biochemical indicators is increasingly important. Some synovial biomarkers are easily affected by inflammation, but in recent years, leukocyte esterase has been paid more and more attention Leukocyte esterase level has high sensitivity and specificity, but it also has some disadvantages. Therefore, other clinical evaluation and auxiliary examination should be combined in the diagnosis. Effects of leukocyte esterase level need further research. This article comprehensively analyzes the current clinical research on synovial leucocyte esterase, and reviews its research status and clinical value in the diagnosis of joint periprosthetic infection.