Knee osteoarthritis is a common orthopedic disease in middle-aged and elderly people. The joint injury caused by immune inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis, so improving inflammatory reaction is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Inflammatory signaling pathway can prevent and treat KOA by activating or inhibiting expression, among which NF-κB channel, as an important inflammatory signaling pathway, can improve the inflammatory response of knee joint by regulating the expression of target gene, thus achieving the role of preventing and treating KOA. In this paper, the effects of NF-κB signal channel on KOA by influencing factors that lead to knee joint injury, such as cartilage metabolic balance and synovitis of knee joint, are reviewed. By influencing the upstream and downstream factors such as inflammatory factors, Toll-like receptors and matrix metalloproteinases, the destruction of cartilage synovium can be improved, thus providing some reference and basis for the prevention and treatment of KOA.