Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in post-arthroplasty patients is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and high risk, especially post-thrombotic syndrome, which seriously affects patients' function and quality of life due to vascular endothelial damage and other factors. It is unclear which anticoagulant is more appropriate, and several clinical studies have shown that aspirin may provide effective VTE prophylaxis. Therefore, in hip and knee arthroplasty, this paper will describe the mechanism of aspirin for VTE prevention and the latest research progress at home and abroad, providing new protocols and strategies for clinical prevention and treatment, which have certain clinical application value.