Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), as one of the most common clinical spinal degenerative diseases, is the main cause of low back pain, which could affect the quality of life of the population, and bring a huge economic burden to the family and society. In recent year, a large number of studies found that dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostatic system could be observed in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells. The mitochondrial homeostasis system can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cell, there by affecting the pathophysiological process of IDD. This article reviews the regulatory role of mitochondrial homeostasis in the development of IDD from the aspects of mitochondrial antioxidant system, mitochondrial protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. It provides new ideas for exploring the early prevention and treatment of IDD.