Abstract: Objective: To compare the effect of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and percutaneous endoscopic posterior lower lumbar fusion (PT-Endo-TLIF) on lumbar function and intervertebral space height in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis Influence. Methods: A total of 82 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis who were admitted in the Department of Orthopedics, Zhenjiang Medical District, Eastern Theater General Hospital from September 2020 to October 2021 were selected and they were divided into the observation group (41 cases) and the control group (41 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group was received OLIF treatment, and the control group received PT-Endo-TLIF treatment. The operation-related indexes, pain degree, lumbar spine function, intervertebral space height, serum indexes and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume of the observation group were significantly less (P<0.05), and the operation time, the time of going to the ground, and the length of hospital stay were significantly shorter (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the observation group was significantly lower at 1 week and 3 months after operation (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the VAS score between the two groups at 6 months after operation (P>0.05). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score of lumbar spine at 3 months was significantly improved (P<0.05), and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in lumbar spine JOA score and ODI at 3 months after operation between the two groups (P>0.05). The height of the intervertebral space in the two groups 3 months after operation was significantly increased (P<0.05), and compared with the contro group, the observation group was significantly higher (P<0.05). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), β-endorphin (β-EP) levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), but compared with the contro group, the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group (24.29%), the observation group (7.32%) had a significantly lower complication rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both surgical methods can improve lumbar spine function in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, but compared with PT-Endo-TLIF, OLIF treatment can improve surgery-related indicators, relieve pain, improve intervertebral space height, and maintain the stability of serum indicators, and reduce the occurrence of complications.