Abstract:Objective: To observe the surgical results of using posterior osteotomy combined with internal fixation in the treatment of simple Winter II congenital kyphosis. Methods: Thirteen children with simple Winter II congenital kyphosis who attended our hospital and were treated surgically from 2006 to 2017 were collected, and all underwent a one-stage trans-posterior Schwab osteotomy combined with internal fixation. Pre-operative, post-operative and follow-up radiographs of the whole spine were taken to measure and analyze the change in the angle of kyphosis of the children. Results: All 13 children completed the surgery successfully without serious complications, and those with preoperative combined neurological symptoms were improved. At the mean follow-up of 66.42±33.45 months (range: 36-120 months), the sagittal and coronal deformities of the children were significantly improved after surgery and at the last follow-up compared with those before surgery. The changes in the sagittal thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and pelvic angle (T1-Pelvic angle, TPA) were also statistically different from those before surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: Posterior osteotomy combined with internal fixation is an effective surgical procedure for simple Winter II congenital kyphosis and can control the progression of the deformity.