[Objective] To evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis with headless compression cannulated screws for end-stage traumatic ankle arthritis (TAA) . [Methods] A retrospective study was done on the patients who underwent ankle ar- throdesis in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2020. Of them, a total of 39 patients who received arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis for uni- lateral end-stage TAA were included in this study. The clinical and auxiliary examination data of the patients were summarized. [Results] All the 39 patients were successfully operated without serious complications. The VAS scores decreased significantly (P＜0.05) , whereas the AOFAS score significantly increased over time in 39 patients (P＜0.05) . In terms of radiographic examination, all 39 patients got good tibial foot alignment and proper implant position on anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films. Radiographs showed bony fusion was of 28/39 (71.79%) at 3 months and 39/39 (100%) at 12 months postoperatively. In term of blood tests, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SOD and MDA were significantly increased 3 days after operation, whereas decreased significantly 7 days after operation compared with those before operation (P＜0.05) . [Conclusion] Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis with headless compression cannulated screws is considerably effective for the end-stage TAA, associated with remarkable subsidence of inflammatory and stress reaction postoperatively