Abstract: [Objective] To evaluate the clinical efficiency of debridement combined with vacuum-assisted closure in orthopedics. [Methods]A retrospective study was conducted on a total of 64 patients who received surgical treatment for orthopedic trauma in our hospital from October 2017 to November 2019. According to preoperative doctor-patient communication，Among them, 32 patients were treated with VAC, and 32 patients were treated with conventional dressing change temporally. The perioperative, follow-up and laboratory results were compared between the two groups. [Results] The two-stage operations were successfully completed in both groups without serious complications. Although the VAC group consumed slightly longer primary operation time, which was not statistically significant compared with the conventional group (P>0.05), The VSD group was significantly better than conventional group in times of dressing change, exudation rating, granulation tissue rating, term of interval for two operations, operation time for secondary, wound healing and hospital stay (P<0.05). The VAC group full weight bearing activity significantly earlier than the conventional group (P<0.05). The VAS score, local scar and adjacent joint function significantly improved over time in both groups (P<0.05), the VSD group was significantly better than the conventional group in abovementioned items at 3 months after operation (P<0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in abovementioned items between the two groups at 6 and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). In terms of blood tests, WBC, NEU, CRP and ESR significantly decreased over time in both groups (P<0.05), the VAC group was significantly better than the conventional group in abovementioned items before the second operation (P<0.05). there were no statistically significant differences in the blood test items between the two groups before the first operation and at the last follow-up (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Debridement combined with vacuum-assisted closure has the advantages of simple, safe and efficient application for treatment of open wound in orthopedics, which is worthy of popularization and application.