Osteoarthritis is a common group of chronic, high-teratogenic, and degenerative arthritis, which brings an economic burden on global healthcare systems. Activation of oxidative stress and excess of reactive oxygen species play an important role in the occurrence of osteoarthritis and are also important targets for the treatment of osteoarthritis. This paper reviews the pathophysiological mechanism of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species as well as the research progress of related therapeutic interventions, for the sake of providing a reference for further research.