Treatment of spinal tuberculosis with paraspinal or epidural abscesses is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The classical surgical method of spinal tuberculosis is open debridement and spinal internal fixation，it has long operation time, high risk, great trauma and certain influence on the immunity of patients, which is unacceptable for many patients with poor general conditions. By reviewing a case of lumbar tuberculosis with psoas major muscle and spinal canal abscess treated in our department, this paper analyzed the feasibility of minimally invasive treatment of lumbar tuberculosis with psoas major muscle and spinal canal abscess, providing a new treatment idea for spinal tuberculosis patients with giant abscess, and systematically reviewing relevant literature.