Objective To analysis the safety and accuracy of robotic-guided pedicle screw internal fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures in ankylosing spondylitis. Methods The medical records of 15 patients with thoracolumbar fractures in ankylosing spondylitis admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed,which were divided into robotic-guided group and freehand group.The perioperative status and follow-up results were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in operation time,incision length,blood loss,hospital stay.wound healing and walking time between the two groups (P＞0.05).The cost of hospitalization in robot group was significantly higher than that in freehand group(P＜0.05).The accuracy of screw placement in robot group was significantly higher than that in freehand group(P＜0.05).The frequency and dose of fluoroscopy in the robot group were significantly lower than those in the freehand group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of early complications between the two groups (P=0.855).The mean follow-up time was 11 months. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the time of complete weight-bearing,VAS score,ODI score and JOA score at each time point(P＞0.05) . Conclusion Robot-guided pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures in ankylosing spondylitis could improve the accuracy of screw placement,reduce radiation damage and improve safety of operation.