Abstract: [Objective] Compare the Masquelet technique and Ilizarov technique in the treatment of patients with tibial infectious bone defect, and analyze the safety and effectiveness of the two methods. [Methods] A retrospective analysis of 60 patients with infectious bone defect of the tibia admitted to our hospital was carried out. Patients in the study group were treated with Masquelet technique (35 cases), and patients in the control group were treated with Ilizarov technique (25 cases). Observation indicators include postoperative recovery and follow-up period indicators. [Results] The bone healing time, complete weight bearing time and complication rate of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05); the VAS scores of the two groups were significantly improved, and the improvement of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); Compared with before operation, the Iowa knee score, Iowa ankle score, and SF-36 score of the two groups of patients after surgery were significantly improved, and there was no difference between the study group and the control group at the last follow-up Statistically significant (P>0.05). [Conclusion] The application of Masquelet-induced membrane technology and Ilizarov bone handling technology in patients with tibial infectious bone defects is clinically effective, but the application of Masquelet-induced membrane technology can significantly shorten the patient’s healing time and complete weight bearing time, and significantly reduce the risk of various complications Incidence rate, and can reduce postoperative pain.