Abstract:【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the clinical research of ultrasound-guided erector spinal muscle block for lumbar fusion surgery and compare it with conventional multimodal analgesia. Methods 60 cases of lumbar fusion surgery were randomly divided into two groups, the erector spinal muscle block group (ESPB group) and the control group. Both groups will receive the same standardized anesthesia plan during and after the operation. The main outcome measures were the quality of recovery at 24 hours postoperatively, as determined by the QOR-15 score and the rest and exercise pain scores at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The secondary observation indicators include intraoperative opioid dosage, opioid dosage 48 hours postoperatively, residence time between awakenings, incidence of complications, and length of stay in hospital. Results The ESPB group significantly improved the QOR-15 scores at 24 hours postoperatively, and the rest and exercise pain scores were similar in the two groups at 24 hours postoperatively. The ESPB group had significantly lower resting and exercise pain scores at 6 hours and 12 hours after surgery. The consumption of sufentanil in the ESPB group was significantly reduced during the operation and 48 hours after the operation. In the ESPB group, the residence time between awakening was significantly shortened, the incidence of complications was significantly reduced, and the length of hospital stay was also shortened, but there was no significant statistical difference. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided erector spinal muscle block used in lumbar fusion surgery can improve the quality of the patient's recovery, help improve the patient's prognosis, and improve patient satisfaction.