【Abstract】Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of microscope-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of single-segment lumbar disc herniation (LDH) complicated with sciatic scoliosis. Methods The clinical data of 51 patients with single-segment LDH complicated with sciatic scoliosis from June 2014 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, including MIS-TLIF group (n=20) and open TLIF group (n=31). The clinical and imagine documents were compared between the two groups. Results The incision length, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay in the MIS-TLIF group were significantly better than those in the open group (P＜0.05), and the operation time in the open group was less than that in the MIS-TLIF group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in numbers of intraoperative fluoroscopy and full weight bearing activity between the two groups(P＞0.05). The VAS scores for low back pain and leg pain, as well as ODl score significantly dreacesed at the latest follow-up compared with those before operation in both groups (P＜0.05) .The scoliotic Cobb's angle significantly decreased, whereas the intervertebral disc height and the lumbar lordosis significantly increased at the latest follow-up compared with those before operation in both groups (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups at the same time(P＞0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of MIS-TLIF in treatment of single-segment LDH complicated with sciatic scoliosis is comparable to open TLIF. Meanwhile, MIS-TLIF has the advantages of small incision, less intraoperative bleeding and short hospital stay.