Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of two surgical types of plate internal fixation on radial and ulnar fractures with early compartment syndrome. Methods The patients who underwent internal fixation of intramedullary nail and dynamic compression plate were included in the study group, and those who underwent double plate internal fixation in both ulna and radius were enrolled in the control group. Length of surgical incisions, operative time, periosteal dissection area at fracture site, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and hospital stay between the two groups were compared. Results Compared with the control group, the visual analogue scale(VAS) pain score of the study group on the 3rd and 5th day after operation was significantly reduced, the healing time of fracture was significantly shortened, and functional activity and overall effectiveness were significantly improved (P < 0.05). Conclusion The patients who underwent internal fixation of intramedullary nail and dynamic compression plate had a better clinical efficiency and lower rate of postoperative complications than those who received double plate internal fixation for both radial and ulnar fractures with early compartment syndrome.