Abstract: [Objective] To understand the distribution and changes of transforming growth factor beta receptors in cartilage and blood of patients with osteoarthritis, and to explore the relationship between transforming growth factor beta receptors and the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthritis. [Method] The distribution and positive degree of transforming growth factor β receptors in 27 cases of osteoarthritis and 3 cases of normal cartilage were observed by immunohistochemical methods. ELISA method was used to measure the blood of 27 patients with osteoarthritis and 27 patients with non-osteoarthritis, and observe the positive degree of transforming growth factor beta receptors. [Result] The cartilage specimens of all patients with osteoarthritis were stained positively for transforming growth factor β receptors, the positive cells were in the chondrocytes, and the positive particles were in the cytoplasm. Compared with the control group, the serum TGF-β value of the osteoarthritis group was not significantly different (P>0.05). [Conclusion] TGF-β exists in chondrocytes, and is significantly increased in osteoarthritis cartilage. TGF-β is rich in signal transmission media, which may play an important role in inhibiting the inflammatory process and helping local tissue repair. Keywords: transforming growth factor beta, cartilage, osteoarthritis, serum