[Objective] To analyze the clinical effect of anatomical reconstruction of lateral collateral ligament of ankle with partial autogenous peroneus longus tendon in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability. [Methods] 19 patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who underwent anatomical reconstruction with partial autologous peroneal long tendon from January 2019 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The perioperative period was recorded, and the follow-up and imaging data before operation and at the last follow-up were compared. [Results] All patients were followed up for an average of (10.79±5.90) months without complications. The VAS score, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, ROM, TT and ATT of ankle at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P < 0.05). Ten patients were very satisfied with the results, seven patients were satisfied and two patients were normal. [Conclusion] Anatomical reconstruction of lateral collateral ligament with partial autogenous peroneus longus tendon is a safe, effective and feasible method in the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability.