[Objective] To explore the clinical outcomes of bone graft and long oblique vertebral arch screw in injured vertebrae for thoracolumbar burst fracture.[Methods] From February 2013 to February 2018, 42 patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture admitted to our hospital were treated with bone grafting in injured vertebrae, long oblique vertebral arch screw fixation and interlaminar window decompression. The perioperative, follow-up and imaging data were summarized.[Results] All 42 patients successfully completed the operation without serious complications. Operation time (147.00±20.36)min; Intraoperative blood loss (205.00±37.28)ml; The follow-up time was 18-24 months, with an average of (22.45±1.45) months. VAS and ODI scores were significantly decreased over time (P<0.05), low back pain was significantly alleviated, and function was improved. Radiographically, the ratio of anterior height of injured vertebra at 1 week, 3 months and the last follow-up was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the Cobb Angle of kyphosis was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the above indexes at all postoperative time points (P > 0.05). ASIA classification: 12 cases of grade B recovered to Grade E 8 cases and 4 cases of grade D before surgery; All 30 cases of grade C recovered to grade E before operation. [Conclusion] Fixation of thoracolumbar burst fracture with bone graft and long oblique vertebral arch screw in injured vertebrae can improve nerve function, reconstruct the height of injured vertebrae, reduce delayed kyphosis and effectively maintain the correction effect.