Abstract: [Objective] To analyze the safety and effectiveness of VSD in the treatment of wound infection after open fracture of tibia and fibula. [Methods] 106 patients with tibia and fibula in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received debridement. The VSD group was treated with VSD (56 cases), and the control group was treated with conventional dressing change (50 cases). [Results] The hospitalization time, wound healing time and fracture healing time of VSD group were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the AOFAS scores of the VSD group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rate of VSD group was significantly higher than that of control group, and the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). The results of blood routine and inflammatory markers in VSD group were significantly better than those in control group (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] In patients with wound infection after open fracture of tibia and fibula, VSD treatment has the advantages of simple, safe and efficient application, can effectively reduce the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and other perioperative indicators, as far as possible to avoid the impact of surgical trauma on rehabilitation.