Abstract: Delirium is a common perioperative complication in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, which is closely related to adverse outcomes. Currently, we believed that delirium is caused by multiple factors. Many clinical evidences show that benzodiazepines can induce delirium by non-specific activation of GABAA receptors.However, the perioperative delirium caused by benzodiazepines in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures has not been paid enough attention. In order to provide suggestions for perioperative management of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, this paper reviews the pathophysiological mechanism of delirium, the relationship between benzodiazepines and delirium, the causes of delirium in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures and prevention strategies.