[OBJECTIVE] The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles and OVF, provide gist for treatment and prevention of OVF.[Methods] 64 patients with OVF were collected and divided into re-fracture group and primary-fracture group according to the existence of re-fracture OVF. Twenty patients with osteoporosis without fracture were randomly selected as the control group. CSA and IMAT of bilateral paraspinal muscles were measured based on the lower lamina terminalis of MRI L3, and nIMAT was calculated by the CSA value. Finally their association with outcomes was assessed.[Results] There were no significant difference in CSA(P≥0.05) and nIMAT(P≥0.05) between the control group without fracture and the primary fracture group. Meanwhile Comparison primary fracture group and re-fracture group,there were no significant difference in CSA (P≥0.05) either.However percentage of fat in paraspinal muscles was increased in re-fracture group(P < 0.01).For the change of fracture state, the degree of fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles are increasing from no-fracture,primary fracture to re-fracture. [Conclusion] Increased of the paraspinal fat infiltration is one of the risk factors for the re-fracture of OVF.