[Objective] To compare and evaculate the effects between Dynesys dynamic stabilization system and posterior lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of single-segment degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis in prospective study . [Method] From January, 2013 to June,2016,verall 46 patients with single-segment degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis were enrolled in this prospective study.They were randomly divided into group Dynesys and PLIF. Twenty-two patients received Dynesys implantation and twenty-four patients received fusion implantation.The difference between two groups was not significant in preoperative evaluation and comparability existed. The clinical documents were compared between the two groups. [Result] All patients were followed up for 18 to 40 months, with an average of 25.4 months. The operation time,blood loss intraoperation and duration of hospitalization were significantly less in group Dynesys(P<0.05). The ODI and VAS score significantly improved in both groups at the final follow-up(P<0.05). At the final follow-up，the dices height of stabilized segment and upper segment in both groups were no statistical difference(P>0.05).The ROM of the upper segment increased significantly in both groups at the final follow-up(P<0.05). However,the ROM of whole lumbar spine decreased significantly in both groups at the final follow-up(P<0.05),while the Dynesys dynamic stabilization group retained more degrees of motion than the fusion group (P<0.05).According to University of California at Los Angeles Grading Scale, the difference was significant between two groups(P<0.05). [Conclusion] Both Dynesys dynamic stabilization system and posterior lumbar interbody fusion can obtain satisfactory outcomes for the treatment of single-segment degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.Compared to PLIF,Dynesys dynamic stabilization partially can retained more degrees of motion and limit the hypermobility in the radiological adjacent segment degeneration,moreover, the latter shows the advantages of shorter operation time,less bleeding and shorter stays,especially for elderly patients as a better therapy to choose.But in clinical application we should strictly control its indication, and it was uncertain to limit the hypermobility in the adjacent segment disease.