[Objective] To investigate the clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic technique in the treatment of prolapsed lumbar disc herniation. [Methods] A retrospective study was conducted on 35 patients who underwent unilateral biportal endoscopic technique for single segmental lumbar disc herniation from March 2018 to December 2018. Operation time, hospital stay and complications were recorded. VAS, Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) and the modified Macnab scale were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. [Results] All operations were completed successfully. The operative time was 114.40±18.22 min (85-150 min), while the hospital stay was 3.89±1.05 d (3-7 d). No complications occurred. The low back pain and radiculopathy symptoms were significantly improved in all the patients, and they got statistically significant improvements in VAS and ODI scales at each postoperative follow-up compared with those before operation (P＜0.001). According to the modified Macnab scale, the excellent and good rate for the clinical efficacy was 94.29%.[Conclusion] Unilateral biportal endoscopic technique has clear advantages in the treatment of prolapsed lumbar disc herniation, because of the convenient and flexible operation procedure. It is safe and effective, which is suitable for promotion and application in primary hospitals.