[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.Method Our hospital in October 2018~2019 year in April treated 64 patients with thoracolumbar fracture as the research object, randomly divided into observation group and control group, observation group were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw surgery, the control group using open surgery method of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of statistical evaluation of curative effect between the surgery.Result Two groups of patients with operation time had no significant difference (P>0.05); but the bleeding of the observation group were significantly less than the control group (P<0.05), 2 weeks after operation, postoperative pain score of VAS in May and last follow-up significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the vertebral compression rate of two groups before and after surgery treatment, Cobb angle were significantly restored, two indexes were significantly improved compared with that before operation, but there is no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous pedicle screw surgery effect of traditional open surgery with pedicle screw fixation with treatment, patients can reduce the vertebral compression rate, faster recovery of Cobb angle, and minimally invasive surgery, less bleeding, can reduce postoperative pain, improve the prognosis of patients.