Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the relationship between serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and fracture healing in patients with thoracolumbar fractures and spinal cord injury. [Methods] A total of 68 patients with thoracolumbar fractures and spinal cord injuries diagnosed in our hospital from March 2015 to December 2018 were collected as the observation group. 43 healthy volunteers in the same period were selected as the control group. All patients underwent surgery. The serum inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1beta (IL-1) and soluble vascular intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sVCAM-1)] and oxidative stress indicators [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The relationship between serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and fracture healing was analyzed. [Results] Compared with the control group, TNF-, IL-1, sVCAM-1 and MDA in the observation group had significantly increased (P <0.05), TAC, CAT, and SOD had significantly reduced (P <0.05). According to the fracture healing standards, the observational components were divided into 3 subgroups: 19 patients in the 3-month healing group, 32 patients in the 4-month healing group, and 17 patients in the delayed healing group. Compared with the 3-month healing group, the TNF-, IL-1, sVCAM-1 and MDA in the 4-month healing group and the delayed healing group had significantly increased (P <0.05), and TAC, CAT and SOD had significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Compared with the 4-month healing group, TNF-, IL-1, sVCAM-1 and MDA in the delayed healing group had significantly increased (P <0.05), and TAC, CAT, and SOD had significantly reduced (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, TNF-, IL-1, sVCAM-1 and MDA in the observation group had significantly increased (P <0.05), the TAC, CAT and SOD had significantly reduced (P <0.05). TNF-, IL-1, sVCAM-1 and MDA had positively correlated with fracture healing (P <0.05), and TAC, CAT and SOD were negatively correlated with fracture healing (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with thoracolumbar fractures and spinal cord injury are closely related to the fracture healing. It is recommended to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with thoracolumbar fractures and spinal cord injury for finding effective treatments and evaluating the prognosis.