Objective To explore the risk factors of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and re-fracture combined with posterior ligament complex injury.Methods: The clinical data of 68 cases of OVCFs with PLC injury who underwent PVP/PKP were analyzed retrospectively There were 23 males and 45 females with an average age of 70.0 years. accordance with new vertebral fractures were divided into two group：32 cases as refracture group，while the other 36cases were termed as no refracture group. Results: All patients were followed-up for above 12-24 months. There was no significant difference in age, gender, body weight, injury-factors, amount of injected bone，Oswestry disability index and bone mineral density between the two groups (P>0.05).But there was significant difference in the surgical treatment、puncture methods kyphosis Cobb angle of surgical area (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Surgical treatment、puncture methods、kyphosis Cobb angle of surgical area may be correlated with recurrent new vertebral fractures of OVCFs with PLC injury .