To analyze the effect of microsurgical resection of lumbar intraspinal subdural tumor and its influence on spinal injury. [Methods] A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 32 patients with lumbar intraspinal subdural tumors who underwent surgical treatment in spinal surgery from April 2016 to April 2019. Among the 32 patients, 18 were males and 14 were females, age (48.87±7.50) years old, course of disease (8.65±2.50) months, lesion location: L13 cases, L25 cases, L2-33 cases, L38 cases, L410 cases, L53 cases. All patients were confirmed by imaging examination before operation, and were operated under real microscope, postoperative followed up for 6-12 months. The perioperative condition of the patients was recorded. Pain, lumbar function and spinal cord injury classification were compared before and after operation. The complications during follow-up were recorded. [Results] All 32 patients successfully completed the operation. The operation time was (135.35±28.57) min, the intraoperative blood loss was (108.2±12.95) mL, there were no complications such as nerve and spinal cord injury during the operation, and the postoperative hospital stay was (9.01 ± 2.05) d, 2 patients with postoperative wound infection, which improved after symptomatic treatment. The postoperative follow-up time was (9.03±2.01) months, during the follow-up period, the symptoms of pain, limb numbness, fatigue and other symptoms all improved, and muscle strength basically returned to normal, and no tumor recurrence and spinal deformity were found. Compared with preoperatively, the postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased with time, and the Japanese orthopaedic association scores (JOA) score increased with time, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in Frankel grade distribution before and 6 months after operation (P<0.001). The proportion of Frankel grade E at 6 months after operation was higher than that before operation, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). [Conclusion] Microsurgical resection of lumbar intraspinal subdural tumor has the characteristics of small trauma and quick recovery, which can effectively restore the spinal cord function and has low risk of complications.