Abstract:[Objetctive] To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach (PEID) assisted by a one-time puncture of the ligamentum flavum and target technique in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH).[Methods]A retrospective analysis of 53 patients who underwent a PEID assisted by one-time puncture of the ligamentum flavum and target technique for the treatment of LDH from June of 2016 to June of 2018 was studied. The operation time, the number of fluoroscopy, intraoperative bleeding, complications, recurrence rate, cost, and length of stay in hospital were recorded. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were evaluated pre- and 3 days after surgery, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after surgery. Modified Macnab criteria were used to evaluate clinical efficacy. [Results]All 53 cases successfully underwent the operation.. 3 cases have retreated with surgery at 6 months, 8 months, and 12 months after surgery. As of the last follow-up, there was no recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 5.66% (3/53). Operation time was 40.79±12.29 min, hospitalization time was 4.77±2.31 d, fluoroscopy was 3.83±0.91 times, intraoperative bleeding was 15.00±9.19 ml, and the cost was 23060±1799.93 yuan. The VAS and ODI improved significantly in all the patients at different follow-ups compared with pre-operation (P<0.05). Although the VAS and ODI scores were improved at 12 and 24 months after the operation, there was no statistically significant difference compared with 6 months after operation (p>0.05). The excellent rate reached 92.45% (49/53) at the final follow-up.[Conclusions]Our study indicates that PEID assisted by a one-time puncture of the ligamentum flavum and target technique in the treatment of LDH is effective and with the advantages of few complications, short operation time, and early recovery. Keywords: percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar approach, spinal endoscopy, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation