[Abstract] ObjectiveTo study Clinical efficacy of fibular proximal osteotomy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and its effect on Interleukin 17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor 1 (TGF- 1). Methods127 patients ofKnee osteoarthritiswhoreceived therapy fromDecember 2018 - December 2019wereselected as research objects.The control group was treated withArtificial joint replacement,while the observation group was treated withProximal fibular osteotomy, Then operation, serum IL-17, TGF- 1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), interleukin-1 (IL-1), visual analogue scale (VAS), Hospital for Special Surgery knee joint score (HSS), Osteoarthritis Index score (WOMAC) and adverse reactions.ResultsAfter treatment,tthe operative time, intraoperative blood loss, length of stay and total cost of hospitalization in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in serum IL-17 and TGF- 1 levels between the two groups. After surgery, IL-17 in both groups was significantly decreased, and TGF- 1 level in the observation group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). After operation, the serum levels of TNF- and IL-1 in both groups were significantly decreased, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After surgery, VAS and WOMAC scores in both groups were significantly decreased, and HSS scores in the observation group were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was 4.69% and 12.70%, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). conclusionProximal fibular osteotomy has a significant effect in patients with knee osteoarthritis and can effectively improve the levels of IL-17 and TGF- 1 without increasing adverse reactions.