[Objective] To evaluate and summarize the individualized operation plan and the clinical outcomes of Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture after artificial hip arthroplasty. [Methods] A retrospective study was made to analysis the clinical data of 21 patients with Vancouver type B1 femoral periprosthetic fractures treated by individualized surgical procedures including internal fixation, internal fixation combined with bone grafting and artificial joint revision from January 2016 to May 2019. [Results] All the operations were successfully completed without vascular and nerve injury. 21 patients were followed up satisfactorily for 12 to 36 months. Harris hip score of internal fixation group increased from (52.39 ± 4.51) before operation to (91.22 ± 4.27) after operation, and that of revision group from (53.89 ± 4.80) to (91.84 ± 5.36) after operation, both the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the scores between the two groups after operation (P > 0.05). X-ray showed that the position of fracture reduction and internal fixation device was good. The average healing time was (4.54 ± 1.31) months.Patients' subjective satisfaction were excellent (95% of patients were satisfied or basically satisfied).[Conclusion] For Vancouver type B1 femoral periprosthetic fractures with different characteristics, individualized surgical schemes such as internal fixation, internal fixation combined with bone grafting and artificial joint revision can obtain satisfactory clinical results.