Abstract:[Objective]To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printing-assisted posterior spinal decompression and bone graft fusion for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis.[METHODS]Recently analyzed 41 patients who underwent posterior spinal canal decompression and bone graft fusion for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis from December 2013 to December 2017 in our hospital. Among them, 15 cases were operated with the assistance of 3D printing technology (3D printing group) and 26 cases were operated without relying on 3D printing technology (conventional group). The perioperative period, follow-up and imaging data of the two groups were recorded and compared.[Results]The operative time, intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion in the 3D printing group were less than those in the conventional group, and the postoperative hemoglobin level was higher than that in the conventional group, all with significant differences (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the postoperative complication rate, hospitalization time, and symptom improvement (VAS score) between the two groups (p>0.05). the accuracy of screw placement in the 3D printing group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (p<0.05). The final follow-up of the two groups showed significant improvement in coronal Cobb angle, TS, SVA, LL compared with the preoperative period (p<0.05), no significant difference in TK compared with the preoperative period (p>0.05), and no significant difference in comparison between the two groups (p>0.05).[Conclusion]Compared with the traditional surgery, posterior decompression bone grafting with the assistance of 3D printing technology for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis has the advantages of short operative time, low bleeding and blood transfusion, high accuracy of screw placement, and satisfactory clinical efficacy.