According to the literatures we have reviewed, open wedge high tibial osteotomy is the effective method of treating medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. To obtain satisfactory clinical outcome, The surgeon should strictly grasp the indications and contraindications of the patients and master the surgical techniques. And after operation, the patients need to carry out standardized rehabilitation exercises. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation、appropriate indication selection、reasonable preoperative plan and postoperative rehabilitation exercise are fatal to clinical results. With the development of clinical treatment technology, it is expected to further reduce the incidence of complications.